The Impact of Leadership Style on Civil Servants Work Behavior
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.sidebar##
Published
Feb 28, 2023
Download
Statistic
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##
Abstract
Leadership plays an important role in determining the success of an organization in surviving the direct impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. However, an effective leadership model for sustainable performance success during this pandemic is still an issue of serious debate among both management practitioners and experts, and has become a central issue in theoretical studies and empirical research in the last few decades. This study aims to examine the effect of leadership models (transformational and transactional leadership) and work motivation on individual performance and job satisfaction. This research involved the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) working in South Sulawesi. Given the Covid-19 pandemic, data collection techniques were carried out via an electronic questionnaire, which was measured using a Likert scale of 1–5. To test the primary data and analyze the relationship between variables in the structural model that was built, covariance-based Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) or AMOS (SEM-AMOS) was used. The results of the research are expected to contribute to the local government's strategy in increasing the motivation, performance and satisfaction of ASN so that they can cope with the Covid-19 pandemic in South Sulawesi.
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##
How to Cite
Hakim, H., Masdar Mas’ud, Muhammad Syafi’i Basalamah, Junaidi Zakaria, & Zaenal Arifin Sahabuddin. (2023). The Impact of Leadership Style on Civil Servants Work Behavior. Enrichment : Journal of Management, 12(6), 4803-4813. https://doi.org/10.35335/enrichment.v12i6.1070
References
Aarons, G. A. (2006). Transformational and Transactional Leadership: Association With Attitudes Toward Evidence-Based Practice. Psychiatric Services, 57(8), 1162–1169. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.57.8.1162
Ali, A. J., & Al-Owaihan, A. (2008, February 8). Islamic work ethic: A critical review. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/13527600810848791
Avolio, B. J., Bass, B. M., & Jung, D. I. (1999). Re-examining the components of transformational and transactional leadership using the multifactor leadership questionnaire. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 72(4), 441–462. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317999166789
Avolio, B. J., Zhu, W., Koh, W., & Bhatia, P. (2004, December). Transformational leadership and organizational commitment: Mediating role of psychological empowerment and moderating role of structural distance. Journal of Organizational Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.283
Bass, B. M. (1999). Two Decades of Research and Development in Transformational Leadership. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8(1), 9–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/135943299398410
Bass, B. M., Avolio, B. J., Jung, D. I., & Berson, Y. (2003). Predicting unit performance by assessing transformational and transactional leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(2), 207–218. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.2.207
Birkinshaw, J., Hamel, G., & Mol, M. J. (2008). Management innovation. Academy of Management Review. Academy of Management. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2008.34421969
Cherian, J., & Jacob, J. (2013). Impact of Self Efficacy on Motivation and Performance of Employees. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(14), 80–88. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v8n14p80
Chu, L. C., & Lai, C. C. (2011). A research on the influence of leadership style and job characteristics on job performance among accountants of county and city government in Taiwan. Public Personnel Management, 40(2), 101–118. https://doi.org/10.1177/009102601104000202
Collins, A., Florin, M. V., & Renn, O. (2020). COVID-19 risk governance: drivers, responses and lessons to be learned. Journal of Risk Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2020.1760332
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (FIFTH EDIT). SAGE Publications Inc.
DeCenzo, D. A., Robbins, S. P., & Verhulst, S. L. (2015). Fundamentals of Human Resource Management (12th ed.). Wiley. Retrieved from https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Fundamentals+of+Human+Resource+Management%2C+12th+Edition-p-9781119158905
Gheitani, A., Imani, S., Seyyedamiri, N., & Foroudi, P. (2019). Mediating effect of intrinsic motivation on the relationship between Islamic work ethic, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment in banking sector. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 12(1), 76–95. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-01-2018-0029
Ghozali, I., & Latan, H. (2015). Konsep, Teknik, dan Aplikasi Menggunakan Smart PLS 3.0 untuk Penelitian Empiris. Semarang: BP Undip.
Gordon, V. (2011). Exploring the Job Satisfaction of Municipal Clerks. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 31(2), 190–208. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X11408570
Henker, N., Sonnentag, S., & Unger, D. (2015). Transformational Leadership and Employee Creativity: The Mediating Role of Promotion Focus and Creative Process Engagement. Journal of Business and Psychology, 30(2), 235–247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-014-9348-7
Judge, T. A., & Piccol, R. F. (2004). Transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analytic test of their relative validity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(5), 755–768. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.5.755
Kaul, V., Shah, V. H., & El-Serag, H. (2020). Leadership During Crisis: Lessons and Applications from the COVID-19 Pandemic. Gastroenterology, 159(3), 809–812. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.04.076
Kim, W, Kolb, J. A., & Kim, T. (2012). The Relationship Between Work Engagement and Performance: A Review of Empirical Literature and a Proposed Research Agenda. Human Resource Development Review, 12(3), 248–276. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484312461635
Kim, Woocheol, Han, S. J., & Jiwon, P. (2019). Is the Role of Work Engagement Essential to Employee Performance or ‘Nice to Have’? Sustainability, 11(1050), 1–26. https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/su11041050
Kumar, A. (2019). Citizen-centric model of governmental entrepreneurship: Transforming public service management for the empowerment of marginalized women. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 13(1), 62–75. https://doi.org/10.1108/TG-03-2018-0023
Luthans, F, & Doh, J. (2012). International management: Culture, strategy and behaviour. McGraw-Hill.
Luthans, Fred, Luthans, B. C., & Luthans, K. (2021). Organizational Behavior: An Evidence-Based Approach (14th ed.). Information Age Publishing. Retrieved from https://www.amazon.com/Organizational-Behavior-Evidence-Based-Approach-Fourteenth/dp/1648021255/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&qid=1624828460&refinements=p_lbr_one_browse-bin%3AFred+Luthans&s=books&sr=1-1
MacKenzie, S. B., Podsakoff, P. M., & Fetter, R. (1991). Organizational citizenship behavior and objective productivity as determinants of managerial evaluations of salespersons’ performance. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(1), 123–150.
MacKenzie, S. B., Podsakoff, P. M., & Ahearne, M. (1998). Some possible antecedents and consequences of in-role and extra-role salesperson performance. The Journal of Marketing, 62(8), 87–98.
Malik, A. (2018a). Introduction. In Strategic Human Resource Management and Employment Relations (pp. 3–11). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0399-9_1
Malik, A. (2018b). Strategic Human Resource Management and Employment Relations. (A. Malik, Ed.). Singapore: Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0399-9
OECD. (2021). Public servants and the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic: Emerging responses and initial recommendations. Retrieved June 27, 2021, from https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/public-servants-and-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic-emerging-responses-and-initial-recommendations-253b1277/
Pratama, A. P., Ghazali, A., Putranto, N. A. R., Iswari, K. R., Wisesa, A., & Febriansyah, H. (2015). Civil Servants’ Competence in Indonesia: Suggestions for Future Research in the Context of Business. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 169, 371–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.322
Ringle, C. M., Rigdon, E., & Sarstedt, M. (2018, January 15). On Comparing Results from CB-SEM and PLS-SEM: Five Perspectives and Five Recommendations. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3128192
Suoneto, N. (2020, September). Indonesia and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges for President Jokowi’s Political Leadership. Retrieved June 28, 2021, from http://www.politik.lipi.go.id/kolom/kolom-2/politik-nasional/1411-indonesia-and-the-covid-19-pandemic-challenges-for-president-jokowi-s-political-leadership
Thakkar, J. J. (2020). Introduction to Structural Equation Modelling. In Studies in Systems, Decision and Control (Vol. 285, pp. 1–11). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3793-6_1
Ugwu, C. I., Onyancha, O. B., & Fombard, M. (2020). Transformational and transactional leadership and knowledge sharing in Nigerian university libraries. IFLA Journal, 46(3), 207–223. https://doi.org/10.1177/0340035220917987
Wahid, S. D. (2020). Citizen-Centric Public Service Satisfaction During Pandemic Outbreak: A Measurement Model . Journal of Public Administration and Governance, 10(4). Retrieved from http://www.macrothink.org/journal/index.php/jpag/article/view/17586/pdf
Xenikou, A. (2017). Transformational leadership, transactional contingent reward, and organizational identification: The mediating effect of perceived innovation and goal culture orientations. Frontiers in Psychology, 8(OCT), 1754. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01754
Yang, X., & Wang, W. (2013). Exploring the determinants of job satisfaction of civil servants in Beijing, China. Public Personnel Management, 42(4), 566–587. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091026013502169
Ali, A. J., & Al-Owaihan, A. (2008, February 8). Islamic work ethic: A critical review. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/13527600810848791
Avolio, B. J., Bass, B. M., & Jung, D. I. (1999). Re-examining the components of transformational and transactional leadership using the multifactor leadership questionnaire. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 72(4), 441–462. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317999166789
Avolio, B. J., Zhu, W., Koh, W., & Bhatia, P. (2004, December). Transformational leadership and organizational commitment: Mediating role of psychological empowerment and moderating role of structural distance. Journal of Organizational Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.283
Bass, B. M. (1999). Two Decades of Research and Development in Transformational Leadership. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8(1), 9–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/135943299398410
Bass, B. M., Avolio, B. J., Jung, D. I., & Berson, Y. (2003). Predicting unit performance by assessing transformational and transactional leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(2), 207–218. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.2.207
Birkinshaw, J., Hamel, G., & Mol, M. J. (2008). Management innovation. Academy of Management Review. Academy of Management. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2008.34421969
Cherian, J., & Jacob, J. (2013). Impact of Self Efficacy on Motivation and Performance of Employees. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(14), 80–88. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v8n14p80
Chu, L. C., & Lai, C. C. (2011). A research on the influence of leadership style and job characteristics on job performance among accountants of county and city government in Taiwan. Public Personnel Management, 40(2), 101–118. https://doi.org/10.1177/009102601104000202
Collins, A., Florin, M. V., & Renn, O. (2020). COVID-19 risk governance: drivers, responses and lessons to be learned. Journal of Risk Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2020.1760332
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (FIFTH EDIT). SAGE Publications Inc.
DeCenzo, D. A., Robbins, S. P., & Verhulst, S. L. (2015). Fundamentals of Human Resource Management (12th ed.). Wiley. Retrieved from https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Fundamentals+of+Human+Resource+Management%2C+12th+Edition-p-9781119158905
Gheitani, A., Imani, S., Seyyedamiri, N., & Foroudi, P. (2019). Mediating effect of intrinsic motivation on the relationship between Islamic work ethic, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment in banking sector. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 12(1), 76–95. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-01-2018-0029
Ghozali, I., & Latan, H. (2015). Konsep, Teknik, dan Aplikasi Menggunakan Smart PLS 3.0 untuk Penelitian Empiris. Semarang: BP Undip.
Gordon, V. (2011). Exploring the Job Satisfaction of Municipal Clerks. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 31(2), 190–208. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X11408570
Henker, N., Sonnentag, S., & Unger, D. (2015). Transformational Leadership and Employee Creativity: The Mediating Role of Promotion Focus and Creative Process Engagement. Journal of Business and Psychology, 30(2), 235–247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-014-9348-7
Judge, T. A., & Piccol, R. F. (2004). Transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analytic test of their relative validity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(5), 755–768. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.5.755
Kaul, V., Shah, V. H., & El-Serag, H. (2020). Leadership During Crisis: Lessons and Applications from the COVID-19 Pandemic. Gastroenterology, 159(3), 809–812. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.04.076
Kim, W, Kolb, J. A., & Kim, T. (2012). The Relationship Between Work Engagement and Performance: A Review of Empirical Literature and a Proposed Research Agenda. Human Resource Development Review, 12(3), 248–276. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484312461635
Kim, Woocheol, Han, S. J., & Jiwon, P. (2019). Is the Role of Work Engagement Essential to Employee Performance or ‘Nice to Have’? Sustainability, 11(1050), 1–26. https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/su11041050
Kumar, A. (2019). Citizen-centric model of governmental entrepreneurship: Transforming public service management for the empowerment of marginalized women. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 13(1), 62–75. https://doi.org/10.1108/TG-03-2018-0023
Luthans, F, & Doh, J. (2012). International management: Culture, strategy and behaviour. McGraw-Hill.
Luthans, Fred, Luthans, B. C., & Luthans, K. (2021). Organizational Behavior: An Evidence-Based Approach (14th ed.). Information Age Publishing. Retrieved from https://www.amazon.com/Organizational-Behavior-Evidence-Based-Approach-Fourteenth/dp/1648021255/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&qid=1624828460&refinements=p_lbr_one_browse-bin%3AFred+Luthans&s=books&sr=1-1
MacKenzie, S. B., Podsakoff, P. M., & Fetter, R. (1991). Organizational citizenship behavior and objective productivity as determinants of managerial evaluations of salespersons’ performance. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(1), 123–150.
MacKenzie, S. B., Podsakoff, P. M., & Ahearne, M. (1998). Some possible antecedents and consequences of in-role and extra-role salesperson performance. The Journal of Marketing, 62(8), 87–98.
Malik, A. (2018a). Introduction. In Strategic Human Resource Management and Employment Relations (pp. 3–11). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0399-9_1
Malik, A. (2018b). Strategic Human Resource Management and Employment Relations. (A. Malik, Ed.). Singapore: Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0399-9
OECD. (2021). Public servants and the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic: Emerging responses and initial recommendations. Retrieved June 27, 2021, from https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/public-servants-and-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic-emerging-responses-and-initial-recommendations-253b1277/
Pratama, A. P., Ghazali, A., Putranto, N. A. R., Iswari, K. R., Wisesa, A., & Febriansyah, H. (2015). Civil Servants’ Competence in Indonesia: Suggestions for Future Research in the Context of Business. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 169, 371–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.322
Ringle, C. M., Rigdon, E., & Sarstedt, M. (2018, January 15). On Comparing Results from CB-SEM and PLS-SEM: Five Perspectives and Five Recommendations. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3128192
Suoneto, N. (2020, September). Indonesia and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges for President Jokowi’s Political Leadership. Retrieved June 28, 2021, from http://www.politik.lipi.go.id/kolom/kolom-2/politik-nasional/1411-indonesia-and-the-covid-19-pandemic-challenges-for-president-jokowi-s-political-leadership
Thakkar, J. J. (2020). Introduction to Structural Equation Modelling. In Studies in Systems, Decision and Control (Vol. 285, pp. 1–11). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3793-6_1
Ugwu, C. I., Onyancha, O. B., & Fombard, M. (2020). Transformational and transactional leadership and knowledge sharing in Nigerian university libraries. IFLA Journal, 46(3), 207–223. https://doi.org/10.1177/0340035220917987
Wahid, S. D. (2020). Citizen-Centric Public Service Satisfaction During Pandemic Outbreak: A Measurement Model . Journal of Public Administration and Governance, 10(4). Retrieved from http://www.macrothink.org/journal/index.php/jpag/article/view/17586/pdf
Xenikou, A. (2017). Transformational leadership, transactional contingent reward, and organizational identification: The mediating effect of perceived innovation and goal culture orientations. Frontiers in Psychology, 8(OCT), 1754. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01754
Yang, X., & Wang, W. (2013). Exploring the determinants of job satisfaction of civil servants in Beijing, China. Public Personnel Management, 42(4), 566–587. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091026013502169